nucleatum Fusobacterium nucleatum FMT Fecal microbiota transplantation GBC gallbladder cancer H. coli Escherichia coli EAC esophageal adenocarcinoma EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor ENO1 enolase 1 ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma F. rodentium Citrobacter rodentium CDK CyclinвЂђdependent kinase CS cesarean section CSGG cell surface ОІвЂђglucan/galactan CTLAвЂђ4 cytotoxic TвЂђlymphocyteвЂђassociated antigen 4 DC dendritic cell DCA deoxycholic acid DP IEL doubleвЂђpositive intraepithelial lymphocyte DSB doubleвЂђstrand break DSS dextran sulfate sodium E. This review summarizes current studies/molecular mechanisms regarding the association between the gut microbiota and the development of cancers, which provides insights into the therapeutic strategies that could be harnessed for cancer diagnosis, treatment, or prevention.ДЄbbreviations 3вЂђoxoLCA 3 oxolithocholic acid AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor AOM axozymethane AOM azoxymethane C. These interactions manifest in signaling relay, metabolism, immunity, tumor development, genetic instability, sensitivity to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, the complexity of the gut microbiota, with a plethora of uncharacterized hostвЂђmicrobe, microbeвЂђmicrobe, and environmental interactions, still contributes to the challenge of advancing our knowledge of the microbiotaвЂђcancer interactions.

Owing to the availability of metagenome sequencing and multiomics studies, analyses of species characterization, host genetic changes, and metabolic profile of gut microbiota have become feasible, which has facilitated an exponential knowledge gain about microbiota composition, taxonomic alterations, and host interactions during tumorigenesis. Thus, many cancer categories and treatment regimens should be investigated in the context of the microbiome. It has been shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis leads to physiological changes and links to a number of diseases, including cancers.

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